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Table 1 Participants heard (static print condition) or watched (animation condition) the adaptation storybook and the speciation storybook in a four-session sequence

From: Is book reading always best? Children learn and transfer complex scientific explanations from books or animations

Session 1 (pre-test)

Session 2 (adaptation)

Session 3 (speciation)

Session 4 (speciation after 3-month-delay)

Adaptation Pre-test

Speciation Pre-test

Adaptation Storybook Reading

Adaptation Comprehension Post-test

Adaptation Generalization Post-test

Speciation Storybook Reading

Speciation Comprehension Post-test

Speciation Generalization Post-test

Speciation Delay Nove

Speciation Delay Familiar

  1. Book-readings were interspersed with talk-aloud assessments that required children to explain adaptation and speciation, applying them to novel scenarios immediately and after 3 months