Fig. 2

Performing natural selection. The first round begins with 24 unique poses. The first row distinguishes between individuals with and without the trait “hands above the waist.” The prey that are captured are highlighted in the second row. Reproduction occurs between the second and third rows. Survivors are cloned, some more than once so that population size returns to 24. The poses that replace those that went extinct are emphasized with a gray cloud to indicate that the frequency of “hands above the waist” has changed. Some of these replacement poses have the maladaptive trait at the end of rounds 1 and 2 because the maladaptive trait is still present among survivors. By the end of round 3, however, no survivor has the trait. The frequency of the maladaptive trait moves from 0.58 at the beginning of round 1 to 0.0 at the end of round 3, and the number of poses drops from 24 at the beginning of the simulation to ten at the end