Fig. 9
a In mosquito larvae, the adult visual system develops early, enhancing the visual ability of larva and pupa; modified after (Gilbert 1994). b Among the most sophisticated larval visual systems is that of tiger beetles, in which some of the stemmata are image-forming camera-type eyes with thousands of receptor cells; modified after (Toh and Mizutani 1994a). c Larvae of the diving beetle Thermonectus marmoratus also have sophisticated eyes, the function of which is still unclear. At the base of some of their eyes, there are multiple layers of receptor cells, including cells that are perpendicular to the axis of incoming light (distal retina), as well as a narrow second retina (proximal retina)