Table 1 Validity and reliability for constructs

Behavioral intention (BI)

.81

.82

.55

BI1

It is essential to me to teach evolution.¹

.86

BI2

I am enthusiastic about teaching evolutionary biology.¹

.79

BI3

I expect to teach evolution.¹

.64

BI4

I intend to teach evolution in a scientifically correct way.¹

.61

Attitude towards a behavior (AT)

.91

.91

.54

AT1

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… useless – useful.

.79

AT2

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… wrong – good.

.73

AT3

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… uncomfortable – comfortable.

.51

AT4

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… harmful – beneficial.

.77

AT5

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… unpleasant – pleasant.

.64

AT6

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… undesirable – desirable.

.81

AT7

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… misleading – purposeful.

.79

AT8

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… worthless – helpful.

.87

AT9

Teaching evolution in biology classes is/would be… ineffective – effective.

.77

Subjective norm (SN)

.83

.84

.58

SN1

Most people I care about think that I should – should not teach evolution.^R

.91

SN2

People whose opinions I value will encourage me to teach evolution in biology classes.¹

.86

SN3

People whose opinions I value will recommend that I teach evolution in biology classes.¹

.59

SN4

I follow the conviction of my college to make evolution a significant part of my biology teaching.¹

.66

Perceived behavioral control (PBC)

.76

.77

.53

PBC1

My way of teaching evolution is clear and understandable.¹

.88

PBC2

I find it challenging to teach evolution.^1R

.58

PBC3

I find it easy to teach the information about evolution that I have planned to teach.¹

.77

Perceived usefulness (PU)

.92

.92

.79

PU1

Teaching evolution in biology classes increases my effectiveness in my job.¹

.93

PU2

Teaching evolution in biology classes improves my performance in my job.¹

.84

PU3

Teaching evolution in biology classes increases my productivity.¹

.90

Personal religious faith (PRF)

.96

.96

.71

PRF1

I believe in God.¹

.90

PRF2

I feel that God exists.¹

.92

PRF3

I think there are good arguments for the existence of God.¹

.87

PRF4

I would describe myself as a faithful person.¹

.87

PRF5

Without faith, my life is/would be pointless.¹

.78

PRF6

I believe there is a heaven.¹

.63

PRF7

I pray and believe that my prayers can change what happens (in the future).¹

.85

PRF8

I feel most fulfilled when I am in a close connection with God.¹

.88

PRF9

Because of my faith, I have hope for life after death.¹

.80

PRF10

My life is meaningful because I am wanted by God¹

.88