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Table 4 Test items used in the study

From: Visualizing macroevolutionary timescales: students’ comprehension of different temporal representations in an animation

Item

Category

1. When did the group with Australopithecus species appear?

Finding events at specific times

2. When did the last ice age begin?

Finding events at specific times

3. What different species of hominins existed between the penultimate and the last ice age?

Comprehending concurrency

4. Did Homo heidelbergensis exist at the same time as Homo sapiens?

Comprehending concurrency

5. Did Homo habilis exist before the appearance of Homo erectus?

Comprehending relative order

6. Did Homo erectus exist before the appearance of Australopithecus?

Comprehending relative order

7. How long did the group of Sahelanthropus, Orrorin and Ardipithecus exist?

Estimation of duration

8. How long was the penultimate ice age?

Estimation of duration

9. Compare the time Homo neanderthalensis existed with the time Homo habilis existed

Comparisons of durations

10. How long did the group of genus Sahelanthropus, Orrorin and Ardipithecus exist compared to Homo sapiens?

Comparisons of durations