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Table 2 Six key concepts and six target misconceptions

From: Iterative design of a simulation-based module for teaching evolution by natural selection

Key concept

Misconception

Description

Evolution by natural selection

Change in relative frequency of trait in a population

 Need to change

Populations/organisms change traits because they need to

 Individuals evolve

Evolution occurs because individuals change their traits

 Gradual population change

Evolution occurs via gradual change in whole population (i.e., all individuals from one generation to the next)

Variation

Trait variation in a population is necessary for natural selection

Role of mutation

Mutation is a source of trait variation

Mutations random

Mutations are random and unrelated to selective pressure

 Adaptive mutation

Mutations are adaptive responses to the environment and are biased towards advantageous mutations

Heritability

Heritability of a trait is necessary for natural selection

 Beneficial traits

Offspring inherit only beneficial traits

 Acquired traits

Acquired characteristics are inherited

Differential fitness

Differential survival and/or reproduction necessary for natural selection

  1. Key concepts in bold, and misconceptions following their most closely associated key concept in italics