Predator Escape: An Ecologically Realistic Scenario for the Evolutionary Origins of Multicellularity

Table 1 Statistical analysis of pre-lab and post-lab results

Question number	School level	Mann–Whitney U p value	Fraction bootstrapped runs in which post-lab > pre-lab (%)
1	HS	<0.0001*	100
2	HS	0.0882	95.7
3	HS	<0.0001*	97.1
4	HS	0.0509	96.5
5	HS	0.0463	96.9
6	HS	0.0011*	97.3
7	HS	0.0211	97.0
8	HS	0.2357	95.7
1	Uni	<0.0001*	99.9
2	Uni	<0.0001*	99.9
3	Uni	<0.0001*	99.9
4	Uni	0.0027*	99.9
5	Uni	0.0056*	99.9
6	Uni	<0.0001*	99.9
7	Uni	0.0465	97.9
8	Uni	<0.0001*	98.2

Scores for individual questions were not normally distributed, so we performed a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to compare the means of pre-lab and post-lab results (column 3).
* Denotes significance at the α = 0.05 level after Bonferroni correction for multiple-comparisons (threshold for significance is p = 0.05/8). We ran 100,000 bootstrap simulations on each pre- and post-lab assessment and report the fraction of runs in which the post-lab score was greater than the pre-lab score (column 4). Sample sizes for HS pre-lab, HS post-lab, Uni pre-lab, and Uni post-lab assessments were 242, 119, 423, and 175, respectively.

ISSN: 1936-6434