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Table 7 Summary of analyses of variance results for students’ mean difference in pre- to post-instruction number of misconceptions related to school, student, and teacher variables

From: Teachers teaching misconceptions: a study of factors contributing to high school biology students’ acquisition of biological evolution-related misconceptions

Source

df

F

η

p

High school variables:

    

  Urban-centric classification

3

0.72

.07

.54

  Average daily membership

4

0.36

.05

.84

Student variables:

    

  Grade

3

1.17

.08

.32

  Ethnicity

4

0.41

.06

.80

  Pre knowledge self-rating

4

1.14

.09

.34

  Post knowledge self-rating

4

1.09

.09

.36

Teacher variables:

    

  Terminal degree

2

6.38

.15

<.01a

  Bachelor’s degree major

3

3.58

.15

.01a

  Years of teaching experience

4

7.07

.07

.59

  College evolution emphasis

3

1.85

.10

.14

  Knowledge rating

3

0.73

.06

.53

  Hours teaching evolution

4

3.95

.17

<.01a

  1. Analysis was conducted between specified groups of each source. aDifference between groups was statistically significant at p ≤ .01. df, degrees of freedom.