Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of results

From: Teaching undergraduate students to draw phylogenetic trees: performance measures and partial successes

I: Structure

a) All organisms connected

b) All at ends of branches

c) Single common ancestor

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

No Lab

0.71

0.87

<0.001

No Lab

0.30

0.78

<0.001

No Lab

0.35

0.58

0.001

Lab

0.69

0.91

0.001

Lab

0.31

0.82

<0.001

Lab

0.20

0.55

<0.001

P

-

0.46

 

P

-

0.85

 

P

-

0.22

 

d) Branching form

e) Level of hierarchy

f) Total structure score

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

No Lab

0.68

0.95

<0.001

No Lab

1.50

1.66

0.082

No Lab

3.6

4.8

<0.001

Lab

0.70

0.95

<0.001

Lab

1.51

1.65

0.13

Lab

3.4

4.9

<0.001

P

-

0.87

 

P

-

0.26

 

P

-

0.51

 

II: Classification mistakes

g) Total mistakes

h) Vertebrate sub-groups

i) Invertebrate sub-groups

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

No Lab

6.5

6.5

0.77

No Lab

3.7

3.5

0.33

No Lab

2.8

3.0

0.44

Lab

6.4

5.5

0.10

Lab

3.5

2.8

0.05

Lab

2.9

2.7

0.56

P

-

0.25

 

P

-

0.54

 

P

-

0.42

 

III: Specific misconceptions

j) Whale-shark-fish

k) Bat-bird

l) Bat-butterfly

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

No Lab

0.60

0.49

0.12

No Lab

0.55

0.45

0.23

No Lab

0.34

0.12

<0.001

Lab

0.64

0.40

<0.001

Lab

0.58

0.38

0.015

Lab

0.27

0.13

0.037

P

-

0.36

 

P

-

0.47

 

P

-

0.70

 

m) Butterfly-bird

 

Pre

Post

P

        

No Lab

0.30

0.15

0.012

        

Lab

0.31

0.13

0.006

        

P

-

0.86

         

IV: Rationale for organization

n) Diet

o) Habitat

p) Taxonomy

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

 

Pre

Post

P

No Lab

0.05

0.06

1.00

No Lab

0.46

0.52

0.92

No Lab

0.54

0.68

0.089

Lab

0.08

0.03

0.44

Lab

0.59

0.47

0.22

Lab

0.58

0.74

0.042

P

-

0.109

 

P

-

0.068

 

P

-

0.99

 

q) Morphology

 

Pre

Post

P

        

No Lab

0.79

0.65

0.089

        

Lab

0.85

0.62

0.007

        

P

-

0.88

         
  1. Each smaller table compares the four samples described in Figure 2. Numbers less than one are fractions of total number of students; those greater than one are levels or total scores. P-values at the ends of rows reflect pre-post comparisons; those below columns reflect comparisons of Lab and No Lab groups.