From: What Do Experts and Novices “See” in Evolutionary Problems?
Categorization feature | Feature level | Expert feature frequency (%) | Expert using feature (%) | Novice feature frequency (%) | Novices using feature (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structure of evolutionary comparison (ancestor–descendant vs. intraspecific, etc.) | Expert b | 22.2 | 80 | 8.0 | 40 |
Types and components of selection (directional, disruptive, stabilizing) | Expert b | 19.4 | 70 | 5.6 | 28 |
Evolution vs. function/physiology | Expert b | 16.7 | 60 | 9.6 | 48 |
Environment, weather, seasons, climate, place where organism live vs. other factors | Novicea | 8.3 | 30 | 14.4 | 72 |
Sensory features vs. non-sensory features | Novicea | 5.6 | 20 | 2.4 | 12 |
Artificial vs. natural selection | Expert b | 5.6 | 20 | 1.6 | 8 |
Immunity or resistance vs. non-resistance | Novicea | 2.8 | 10 | 9.6 | 48 |
Various taxonomic groupings (single vs. multicellular | Novicea | 2.8 | 10 | 4.0 | 20 |
Predator-prey vs. other factors | Novicea | 2.8 | 10 | 3.2 | 16 |
Niche vs. other factors | Novicea | 2.8 | 10 | 1.6 | 8 |
Biotic vs. abiotic selective factors | Expert b | 2.8 | 10 | 0.8 | 4 |
Experimental/hypothesis driven | Expert | 2.8 | 10 | 0.0 | 0 |
Microevolution vs. macroevolution | Expert | 2.8 | 10 | 0.0 | 0 |
Observable change vs. non-observable change | Novicea | 2.8 | 10 | 0.0 | 0 |
Human involvement vs. non-human involvement | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 9.6 | 48 |
Body form, features, traits vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 6.4 | 32 |
Adapting to environment vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 4.8 | 24 |
Plant vs. animals (or other groups) | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 4.8 | 24 |
Pressure vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 4.8 | 24 |
Needs vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 3.2 | 16 |
Feeding or food-related vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 1.6 | 8 |
Flying vs. non-flying | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 1.6 | 8 |
Stronger survive vs. other factors | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 1.6 | 8 |
Behavioral traits vs. physical traits | Novice | 0.0 | 0 | 0.8 | 4 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |