Construct/variable | Items | Item variance explained | Alpha | M | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political activity | 0.89 | 2.96 | 1.14 | ||
To what degree are you political? | 0.713 | ||||
To what degree are you politically active? | 0.504 | ||||
To what degree are you politically aware/up-to-date? | 0.458 | ||||
To what degree do your political views influence your daily life? | 0.696 | ||||
To what degree do your political views influence your decisions? | 0.720 | ||||
To what degree do your political views influence courses you enroll in? | 0.371 | ||||
Religious activity | 0.95 | 3.75 | 1.79 | ||
To what degree are you religious? | 0.878 | ||||
To what degree does religion impact your daily life? | 0.848 | ||||
To what degree does your religion influence your decisions? | 0.865 | ||||
To what degree do you participate in religious activities? | 0.723 | ||||
How much do you believe in God? | 0.553 | ||||
Religion is especially important to me because it answers many of my questions about the meaning of life.A | 0.781 | ||||
Conservative self-identity | 0.84 | 3.88 | 1.29 | ||
To what degree are you conservative? | 0.705 | ||||
In general, how do you self-identify politically?B | 0.772 | ||||
In general how liberal/conservative are you on social issues (abortion, same-sex marriage, flag burning, etc.)?C | 0.211 | ||||
In general how liberal/conservative are you on economic issues (welfare, taxation, free market policies, etc.)?C | 0.508 | ||||
In general how liberal/conservative are you on foreign policy and defense issues (defense spending, combating terrorism, pre-emptive war)?C | 0.368 | ||||
Attitudes toward lifeD | 0.84 | 4.24 | 1.70 | ||
Life begins at conception. | 0.631 | ||||
After conception, a developing human is only a cluster of cells, and it makes no sense to discuss its moral condition.H | 0.516 | ||||
All stages of human life—embryo, fetus, child, adult—should have the same legal protections. | 0.736 | ||||
Intelligent design fallacies | 0.91 | 3.06 | 1.17 | ||
There is scientific evidence that humans were created by a supreme being or intelligent designer. | 0.473 | ||||
There is no evidence that humans evolved from other animals. | 0.630 | ||||
The theory of evolution is a matter of faith and belief, just like religion. | 0.351 | ||||
Humans were specially designed. | 0.412 | ||||
There are no transitional fossils (remains of life forms that illustrate an evolutionary transition). | 0.593 | ||||
It is statistically impossible that life arose by chance. | 0.260 | ||||
The theory of evolution does not explain similarities or differences between chimps and humans. | 0.434 | ||||
Complex biological systems cannot come about by slight successive modifications (i.e., they are irreducibly complex). | 0.445 | ||||
Evolution is a theory in crisis. | 0.516 | ||||
Evolution violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics (that systems move toward disorder, not order).E | 0.361 | ||||
Natural selection cannot create complex structures; it is like a tornado blowing through a junkyard and creating a 747. | 0.600 | ||||
Young earth creationist beliefs | 0.91 | 2.93 | 1.35 | ||
I read the bible literally. | 0.519 | ||||
God created humans in their present form. | 0.669 | ||||
Humans never could have been related to apes. | 0.644 | ||||
The Earth isn’t old enough for evolution to have taken place. | 0.455 | ||||
There was a time when humans and dinosaurs lived on earth together. | 0.113 | ||||
Present animal diversity can be explained by the Great Flood. | 0.582 | ||||
A majority of present-day geological features are the result of the Great Flood. | 0.543 | ||||
Adam and Eve of Genesis are our universal ancestors of the entire human race. | 0.694 | ||||
All modern species of land vertebrates are descended from those original animals on the ark. | 0.758 | ||||
Moral objections | 0.85 | 2.24 | 1.17 | ||
People who accept evolution do not believe in God. | 0.454 | ||||
People who accept evolution as fact are immoral. | 0.628 | ||||
If you accept evolution, you really can’t believe in God. | 0.575 | ||||
Darwinism strips meaning from our lives. | 0.658 | ||||
People can be moral and believe in evolution at the same time.H | 0.387 | ||||
Social objections | 0.84 | 2.82 | 1.16 | ||
The theory of evolution has contributed to racism. | 0.455 | ||||
Applying the theory of evolution to human affairs implies we are not fully in control of our behavior. | 0.295 | ||||
The theory of evolution has contributed to sexism. | 0.519 | ||||
The theory of evolution has contributed to an increase in abortion. | 0.397 | ||||
The theory of evolution has contributed to genocide (the deliberate killing of a group based on nationality, race, politics, or culture). | 0.586 | ||||
The theory of evolution has contributed to an increase in euthanasia (the act of killing someone painlessly or allowing to die to stop the suffering; also called mercy killing). | 0.607 | ||||
Distrust of the scientific enterprise | 0.83 | 2.93 | 1.03 | ||
Contemporary methods of determining the age of fossils and rocks are untrustworthy.E | 0.596 | ||||
The data used to support evolution is untrustworthy. | 0.731 | ||||
The theory of evolution is capable of explaining the diversity of life.H | 0.387 | ||||
Evolutionary theorists believe that if something is natural then it is good or right. | 0.241 | ||||
Evolutionary theorists believe that inevitable inequality is morally acceptable.F | 0.236 | ||||
Evolutionary theorists believe that because the strongest survive, it’s a mistake to help the weak.F | 0.377 | ||||
The available data are ambiguous as to whether evolution actually occurs.G | 0.422 | ||||
Relevance of evolutionary theory | 0.94 | 4.97 | 1.16 | ||
The theory of evolution helps us understand plants. | 0.626 | ||||
Evolutionary theory is highly relevant for biology. | 0.794 | ||||
The theory of evolution helps us understand animals. | 0.825 | ||||
The theory of evolution helps us understand human origins. | 0.743 | ||||
For explaining human behavior, evolutionary theory is irrelevant.H | 0.364 | ||||
Evolutionary theory is highly relevant for the social sciences (e.g., anthropology, psychology, sociology). | 0.607 | ||||
Evolutionary theory is highly relevant for the humanities (e.g., history, literature, philosophy). | 0.396 | ||||
Evolutionary theory is relevant to our everyday lives. | 0.472 | ||||
The theory of evolution helps explain the world as it is in the present. | 0.689 | ||||
Genetic literacy | 0.78 | 4.97 | 0.91 | ||
Humans share a majority of their genes with chimpanzees.D | 0.453 | ||||
Humans share more than half of their genes with mice.D | 0.322 | ||||
Ordinary tomatoes do not have genes, whereas genetically modified tomatoes do.D H | 0.207 | ||||
Today it is not possible to transfer genes from one species of animal to another.D | 0.095 | ||||
All plants and animals have DNA.D | 0.121 | ||||
Humans have somewhat less than half of the DNA in common with chimpanzees.D H | 0.301 | ||||
You can see traces of our evolutionary past in human embryos. | 0.298 | ||||
Humans developed from earlier life forms. | 0.408 | ||||
Mutations are never beneficial.H | 0.356 | ||||
Evolutionary knowledge | 0.72 | 5.02 | 0.86 | ||
In most populations, more offspring are born than can survive. | 0.234 | ||||
Individuals don’t evolve, species do. | 0.153 | ||||
Mutations can be passed down to the next generation. | 0.387 | ||||
Increased genetic variability makes a population more resistant to extinction. | 0.383 | ||||
The more recently species share a common ancestor, the more closely related they are. | 0.276 | ||||
Natural selection is the only cause of evolution.H | 0.199 | ||||
Mutations occur all the time. | 0.317 | ||||
Evolutionary misconceptions | 0.68 | 4.18 | 0.97 | ||
Natural selection is a random process. | 0.160 | ||||
Natural selection is synonymous (means the same) as evolution. | 0.246 | ||||
Characteristics acquired during the lifetime of an organism are passed down to that individual’s offspring. | 0.323 | ||||
Species evolve to be perfectly adapted to their environments | 0.189 | ||||
Evolution means progression towards perfection. | 0.338 | ||||
Evolution is a linear progression from primitive to advanced species. | 0.372 | ||||
Knowledge about the scientific enterprise | 0.78 | 5.65 | 1.00 | ||
Good theories can be proven by a single experiment.H | 0.284 | ||||
For scientific evidence to be deemed adequate, it must be reproducible by others. | 0.483 | ||||
Scientific ideas can be tested and supported by feelings and beliefs.H | 0.342 | ||||
Scientific explanations can be supernatural.H | 0.416 | ||||
Theories requiring more untested assumptions are generally better than theories with fewer assumptions.H | 0.250 | ||||
Good theories give rise to testable predictions. | 0.421 | ||||
Self-exposure to evolution | 0.84 | 2.15 | 0.79 | ||
I’ve visited evolution related web sites (e.g., Science Daily, Pharyngula, Edge.org). | 0.417 | ||||
I’ve watched evolution related videos on the web (e.g., Ted.com, YouTube). | 0.497 | ||||
I read science magazines featuring evolution (e.g., Discover, National Geographic, Nature). | 0.598 | ||||
I’ve watched nature shows that discussed evolution (e.g., PBS/Nova, Discovery, National Geographic). | 0.609 | ||||
I’ve read evolution related books (e.g., by Richard Dawkins, EO Wilson, Steven Pinker). | 0.392 | ||||
Youth exposure to evolution | 0.57 | 2.49 | 0.63 | ||
I have visited natural history museums on field trips or with family. | 0.376 | ||||
As a child, I attended science and nature camps (e.g., Outdoor Ed Lab, local nature centers or zoos). | 0.222 | ||||
How many evolution related courses did you have in high school? | 0.164 | ||||
How much training in evolution did you receive in high school? | 0.183 |