Fig. 1From: “Force-Talk” in Evolutionary Explanation: Metaphors and MisconceptionsModels of student conceptions of the role of pressure in evolutionary change: a pressure as a direct force that causes evolution; b pressure is absent; therefore, evolution does not occur; c pressure causes there to be a need to adapt, resulting in evolution; d pressure directly causes variation/mutation to occur, resulting in evolution; e pressure causes differential survival, contributing to the natural selection model, resulting in evolutionBack to article page