Fig. 4

Comparison of plant and insect phylogenies consistent with escape and radiate coevolution. At time 1, the plant evolves a defense trait (orange circle) and then radiates into a number of new species that have the defense trait (green box). At a point later in time (time 2), the insect evolves a counter-defense trait (orange circle) and then radiates onto the newly evolved plant lineage. All insect species in the radiation share the counter-defense trait (blue box). Colonization of the plants does not follow a pattern of cospeciation (dotted lines)