Fig. 8

Percentage of biology majors (black bars) versus nonmajors (white bars) who consider that one of the following statements is consistent with ID: A = no opinion, B = ID is religious doctrine consistent with creationism, C = ID is a scientific alternative to evolution and of equal scientific validity among scientists, D = ID is a scientific theory about the origin and evolution of life on Earth, E = ID is not scientific but has been proposed to counter evolution based on false scientific claims. Comparisons within institutions: a RWU biology majors (n = 237) versus nonmajors (n = 239), Chi-square = 1.202, df = 4, P = 0.87. b PC biology majors (n = 212) versus nonmajors (n = 143), Chi-square = 8.024, df = 4, P = 0.09. c RWU within-biology-majors comparisons: F = freshman (n = 93), So = sophomore (n = 74), J = junior (n = 33), Sr = senior (n = 37), Chi-square = 30.305, df = 12, P = 0.003. d PC within-biology-majors comparisons: F = freshman (n = 70), So = sophomore (n = 34), J = junior (n = 50), Sr = senior (n = 58), Chi-square = 45.574, df = 12, P ≤ 0.001