Fig. 13

Evolutionary history of the elephants and their kin (Proboscidea), starting with pygmy hippo-like forms like Moeritherium with no trunk or tusks, through mastodonts with short trunks and tusks, and concluding with the huge mammoths and the two living species. Early in their history, the other tethytheres branched off from the Proboscidea. These include the manatees, order Sirenia, the extinct desmostylians, and the extinct horned arsinotheres (from Prothero 1994)