Fig. 9

Phylogeny of publicly available crustacean and selected invertebrate opsins based on maximum likelihood analyses of amino acid residues. The phylogeny was reconstructed using PHYML (Guindon and Gascuel 2003) and rooted (not shown) using bovine rhodopsin (NC_007320), chicken pinopsin (U15762), and human melatonin receptor 1A (NM_005958) and GPCR52 (NM_005684). Accession numbers are provided in parentheses behind each species name and the numbers above each branch indicate the bootstrap proportion from 100 replicates (values less than 0.70 not shown). The taxonomic groups of major clusters of opsin sequences are indicated. The division between opsins forming visual pigments with sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light (blue-green to red) versus shorter wavelengths of light (ultraviolet to blue) has also been designated. Species where more than one opsin sequence has been isolated are indicated by symbols: stars = Penaeus monodon, squares = Gnathophausia ingens, and triangles = Hemigrapsus sanguineus